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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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1990-09-22
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HEALTH, Page 96CounterattackAlpha-interferon becomes the first treatment for hepatitis C
When it comes to hepatitis, doctors, like children, must
learn their ABCs. As they have long been taught, the
liver-destroying disease is caused by two distinct viruses, known
as A and B. But many patients show no signs of having been exposed
to either virus. Earlier this year scientists took a significant
step toward solving the riddle of non-A, non-B hepatitis by moving
on down the alphabet. They identified a third virus that produces
hepatitis and called it type C. Last week researchers announced
another milestone: the first effective therapy for hepatitis C.
Reporting in the New England Journal of Medicine, two separate
teams of scientists found that treatment with the drug interferon
halted destruction of liver cells in about half the patients with
chronic hepatitis. A total of 207 people were studied by the two
teams, one led by investigators at the University of Florida, the
other at the National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive and Kidney
Diseases.
Patients received injections of interferon, a natural
infection-fighting protein that can be artificially produced by
genetically altered bacteria. One drawback: most of the patients
who improved suffered a relapse when the injections ended. Doctors
think the problem may be resolved by giving interferon for longer
periods or in higher doses. Says Dr. Saul Krugman of New York
University medical school: "There's no question that it is very
promising."
Hepatitis C afflicts an estimated 150,000 Americans each year.
The virus, like type B, is spread primarily by sexual activity and
through tainted blood in transfusions or on addicts' dirty needles.
(Hepatitis A is passed along mainly through contaminated foods.)
Researchers at Chiron Corp., a biotechnology firm in Emeryville,
Calif., that first identified the C virus, have devised a test for
the pathogen that can be used to screen the blood supply.
Many of the people who contract hepatitis C never show
symptoms. But like Typhoid Mary, they become silent carriers of
the disease. About half those infected eventually suffer liver
damage. Some 15,000 patients a year develop cirrhosis, and a small
number may get cancer. That toll may be cut by interferon. But
doctors warn that the mystery of non-A, non-B hepatitis may not
be completely resolved. Type C virus could account for most of
these cases, but there is evidence that yet another blood-borne
virus will extend the hepatitis alphabet still further.